esjlEurasian Scientific Journal of LawEurasian Scientific Journal of Law2959-41972959-4200Университет «Туран»10.46914/2959-4197-2024-1-4-19-29esjl-239Research ArticleУГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО, УГОЛОВНЫЙ ПРОЦЕССCRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINAL PROCEDUREИскусственный интеллект и уголовное преследование в КазахстанеAI and criminal surveillance in Kazakhstanhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4543-7866ДаубасоваС. Ш.DaubassovaSh. S.

м.ю.н., старший преподаватель

г. Алматы

 

master of law, senior lecture

Almaty

daubassova2017@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-2238АлаеваГ. Т.AlaevaG. T.

к.ю.н., профессор

г. Алматы

c.l.s., professor

Almaty

alaevagulnaz@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5483-3783ДжумабаеваК. А.DzhumabayevaK. A.

PhD, ассоциированный профессор

г. Алматы

PhD, associate professor

Almaty

k.jumabaeva@turan-edu.kzУниверситет «Туран»КазахстанTuran UniversityKazakhstan20240903202504 (9)1929Copyright © Даубасова С.Ш., Алаева Г.Т., Джумабаева К.А., 20252025Даубасова С.Ш., Алаева Г.Т., Джумабаева К.А.Daubassova S.S., Alaeva G.T., Dzhumabayeva K.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://esjl.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/239

В этом исследовании изучаются применение и последствия искусственного интеллекта в контексте Казахстана, страны, которая все чаще внедряет технологии искусственного интеллекта в уголовном преследовании для повышения общественной безопасности. Хотя такие методы на основе ИИ, как распознавание лиц, предиктивная полиция и инфраструктуры умных городов предоставляют широкие возможности для профилактики преступности и при преследовании, они также представляют сложные правовые и этические дилеммы. Данная работа стремится оценить степень интеграции ИИ в процедуры правоохранительных органов Казахстана, уделяя особое внимание согласованию этих технологий с международными нормами в области прав человека и государственными законодательными гарантиями. После критического анализа правовой базы Казахстана были обнаружены значительные пробелы в регулировании уголовного преследования с помощью искусственного интеллекта, особенно в отношении конфиденциальности и прозрачности. В данной работе также рассматриваются мировые прецеденты и этические рамки для устранения существующих пробелов и даны практические рекомендации по данной политике, характерные для уникального социально-политического контекста Казахстана. Результаты этого исследования подчеркивают необходимость надежных правовых гарантий, таких как создание независимых надзорных органов и законов о защите данных, для балансирования безопасности и гражданских свобод. Рассматривая подход Казахстана в рамках более широкого дискурса этики и наблюдения ИИ, это исследование вносит ценные идеи в разработку политики ИИ, которая поддерживает как технологический прогресс, так и защиту прав человека. Практическое значение этой работы распространяется на политиков, ученых и защитников прав человека, стремящихся найти тонкое равновесие между общественной безопасностью и личными свободами в эпоху усиленной ИИ полиции.

In this study, both application and implications for artificial intelligence are explored within the context of Kazakhstan, a nation that is increasingly adopting artificial intelligence technologies in criminal surveillance to enhance public security. Although AI-driven techniques like facial recognition, predictive policing, and smart city infrastructures present intriguing opportunities for crime prevention and surveillance, they also introduce complex legal and ethical dilemmas. This study seeks to assess the degree of AI integration into Kazakhstan’s law enforcement procedures, focusing on the alignment of these technologies with international human rights norms and state legislative safeguards. Following a critical analysis of Kazakhstan’s legal framework, significant gaps are uncovered in regulating artificial intelligence surveillance, particularly relating to privacy and transparency. This study utilizes global precedents and ethical frameworks to solve existing gaps and provides practical policy recommendations specific to Kazakhstan’s unique socio-political context. The findings of this study highlight the need for robust legal safeguards, such as independent oversight bodies and data protection laws, to balance security with civil liberties. By situating Kazakhstan’s approach within the broader discourse on AI ethics and surveillance, this study contributes valuable insights into developing AI policies that support both technological advancement and the protection of human rights. The practical significance of this work extends to policymakers, scholars, and human rights advocates aiming to navigate the delicate equilibrium between public safety and personal freedoms in the era of AI-enhanced policing.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.