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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esjl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Eurasian Scientific Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Eurasian Scientific Journal of Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2959-4197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-4200</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет «Туран»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46914/2959-4197-2026-1-1-128-137</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esjl-581</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>УГОЛОВНОЕ ПРАВО, УГОЛОВНЫЙ ПРОЦЕСС</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINAL PROCEDURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Криминологические аспекты незаконного перемещения радиоактивных материалов через границу Казахстана</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Criminological aspects of illegal movement of radioactive materials across the border of Kazakhstan</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7021-2976</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алекбаева</surname><given-names>М. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alekbayeva</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алекбаева М.М., м.ю.н.,</p><p>г. Талдыкорган.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alekbayeva M., M.L.S., </p><p>Taldykorgan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">malekbaeva@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7098-1305</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Болат</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bolat</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Болат А.А., м.ю.н., постдокторант,</p><p>г. Талдыкорган.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bolat A., M.L.S., Postdoctoral Fellow,</p><p>Taldykorgan.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.bolat.edu@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9000-6136</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саймова</surname><given-names>Ш. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Saimova</surname><given-names>Sh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Саймова Ш.А., PhD.,</p><p>г. Астана.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Saimova Sh., PhD.,</p><p>Astana.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saimova85@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Жетысуский университет им. И. Жансугурова<country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Zhetysu university named after I. Zhansugurov<country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">РГП на ПХВ «Институт парламентаризма»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">RSE on REM “Institute of Parliamentarism”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(14)</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>137</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алекбаева М.М., Болат А.А., Саймова Ш.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алекбаева М.М., Болат А.А., Саймова Ш.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alekbayeva M., Bolat A., Saimova S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://esjl.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/581">https://esjl.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/581</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование представляет комплексное описание масштабов, причинно-следственных факторов и механизмов контроля незаконного перемещения радиоактивных материалов через границы Казахстана. Цель –  раскрыть криминологические аспекты явления и предложить меры предупреждения и пресечения на базе  27 уголовных дел за 2015–2024 гг. и данных IAEA ITDB. Научная и практическая значимость состоит в формировании системной эмпирической базы для Казахстана и обеспечении политики и правоохранительной практики доказательными решениями. Методология: сравнительно-правовой, статистический, документальный и контент-анализ; использование градуированного подхода по IAEA NSS-15 и расчет индекса сдерживающего эффекта (DI). Основные результаты: выявлена неравномерность инфраструктуры радиационного детектирования на пунктах пропуска и распространенность многозвенных транзитных коридоров; предложена типология (кражи радиологических источников, урановый концентрат, «смешанные» каналы наркотиков и радиоактивных материалов); действующие санкции демонстрируют «низкий» DI. Выводы: к 2027 г. необходимо увеличить количество портальных радиационных мониторов с 40 до 75; ввести дифференциацию наказаний – 10–15 лет за оборот особо опасных изотопов и 12–18 лет для организованных преступных групп (ОПГ); создать единую платформу данных и усилить подготовку кадров. Вклад: впервые для Казахстана предложены системная типология, оценка DI и дорожная карта реализации на 2025–2027 гг. Практическая значимость: конкретные рекомендации по модернизации пограничного контроля, межведомственной координации и региональному взаимодействию.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article examines criminological patterns of illicit cross-border movement of radioactive and nuclear-related materials involving Kazakhstan. The study triangulates 1) 27 publicly documented criminal cases (2015–2024), 2) unified register of pre-trial investigations (URPI) for the relevant Criminal Code provisions (2015–2024, disaggregated by year and region) and 3) international incident reporting and guidance documents used as a comparative benchmark. Methods include descriptive statistics, role-based criminological coding (offender roles, opportunity structures, detection pathways, and recurrence), and comparative legal analysis of sanctions and qualifying elements. The results indicate a stable «double-flow» risk: 1) episodic trafficking of sealed sources/uranium concentrates and  2) mixed channels where radioactive items appear alongside other contraband. The sample shows a recurring functional triad – collector, courier, and intermediary – suggesting networked offending rather than isolated opportunistic behavior. Uneven detection capacity and fragmented data exchange remain the most consistent enabling conditions. Sentencing practice, including repeated use of non-custodial measures in cross-border contexts, does not provide a convincing deterrent signal for high-consequence materials. The paper contributes 1) a Kazakhstan-focused criminological typology and role model for cross-border cases, 2) a structured «method → evidence → output» framework for replication, and 3) an implementable prevention package (graded approach in law, integrated data platform, and border-capability modernization roadmap for 2025–2027).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>радиоактивные материалы</kwd><kwd>незаконная перевозка</kwd><kwd>криминология</kwd><kwd>национальная безопасность</kwd><kwd>трансграничная преступность</kwd><kwd>ядерная безопасность</kwd><kwd>правовое регулирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>radioactive materials</kwd><kwd>illegal transportation</kwd><kwd>criminology</kwd><kwd>national security</kwd><kwd>cross-border crime</kwd><kwd>nuclear security</kwd><kwd>legal regulations</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Program №AP 25795633 «Legal effectiveness of international agreements in the field of nuclear disarmament»).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ракишев А.Д. 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