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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">esjl</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Eurasian Scientific Journal of Law</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Eurasian Scientific Journal of Law</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2959-4197</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2959-4200</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Университет «Туран»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.46914/2959-4197-2026-1-3-242-256</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">esjl-897</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЕ И СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРАВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARATIVE LAW</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Торговля международными медицинскими услугами: доктринальные подходы и проблема терминологической определенности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>International legal regulation of trade in medical services: doctrinal approaches and the problem of terminological certainty</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3221-0358</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бертаев</surname><given-names>Б. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bertayeva</surname><given-names>B. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докторант</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD student</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bertaeva.binur@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6352-3480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баймагамбетова</surname><given-names>З. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baimagambetova</surname><given-names>Z. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассистент-профессо</p><p>г. Алматы</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, assistant professor</p><p>Almaty</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zulfiyabaimagambetova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3044-1774</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ван</surname><given-names>Х. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>H. W.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>PhD, ассоциированный профессор</p><p>г. Харбин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, associate professor</p><p>Harbin</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">whwkzc@126.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казахский национальный университет им. аль-Фараби</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Al-Farabi Kazakh National University</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Харбинский политехнический институт</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Harbin Institute of Technology</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3(16)</issue><fpage>242</fpage><lpage>256</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бертаев Б.С., Баймагамбетова З.М., Ван Х.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бертаев Б.С., Баймагамбетова З.М., Ван Х.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bertayeva B.S., Baimagambetova Z.M., Wang H.W.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://esjl.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/897">https://esjl.turan-edu.kz/jour/article/view/897</self-uri><abstract><p>Глобализация превратила трансграничную торговлю медицинскими услугами в полноценную крупномасштабную индустрию. Ежегодно около 14 млн человек обращаются за медицинской помощью за пределами своей страны, а объем мирового рынка таких услуг оценивается почти в 40 млрд долларов США. Вместе с тем ни международное право, ни национальные правовые системы не содержат законодательно закрепленного определения понятия «международные медицинские услуги», что порождает терминологическую неопределенность и правовые риски при квалификации соответствующих правоотношений. В статье обобщаются существующие доктринальные подходы и на основе их синтеза формулируется авторское определение международных медицинских услуг. Рассматриваются четыре способа поставки услуг в соответствии с ГАТС, исследуется противоречие между либерализацией торговли и обязанностью государств обеспечивать право на здоровье, а также выявляется правовая неопределенность в толковании исключения в отношении государственных услуг. Обосновывается презумпция исключения публичных услуг из сферы действия ГАТС. Для Казахстана предлагаются практические рекомендации, включающие пересмотр обязательств в рамках ВТО, стратегическое использование категорий специфических обязательств и привлечение органов здравоохранения к международным переговорам. Полученные выводы могут способствовать формированию национальной позиции страны в сфере торговли международными медицинскими услугами.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Globalization has transformed cross-border trade in medical services into a fully developed large-scale industry. Roughly 14 million individuals seek medical care outside their home country on an annual basis, and the worldwide market for this practice is valued at close to 40 billion USD. Nevertheless, neither international law nor domestic legal systems provide a legally codified definition of “international medical services,” leading to terminological ambiguity and legal risks when qualifying the relevant legal relationships. The article synthesizes existing doctrinal perspectives and, based on theirintegration,formulates an original authorial definition ofinternational medicalservices.It examines the four modes of supply under GATS, explores the tension between trade liberalization and states’ obligations to uphold the right to health, and highlights legal uncertainty in interpreting the governmental services exception. The study substantiates a presumption that public services fall outside the scope of GATS. Practical recommendations are offered for Kazakhstan. These include revising its WTO commitments, strategically employing specific commitment categories, and involving public health authorities in international negotiations. The findings may assist the country in shaping its national position regarding trade in international medical services.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>международные медицинские услуги</kwd><kwd>торговля услугами</kwd><kwd>либерализация</kwd><kwd>здравоохранение</kwd><kwd>регулирование</kwd><kwd>терминология</kwd><kwd>суверенитет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>international medical services</kwd><kwd>trade in services</kwd><kwd>liberalization</kwd><kwd>healthcare</kwd><kwd>regulation</kwd><kwd>terminology</kwd><kwd>sovereignty</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Research and Markets. Global Medical Tourism Country Profiles Report 2023: Latest Information on In-bound/Origin Destinations with Facts and Figures for 170+ Countries. 2023. 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