Some issues of the rules of state legal regulation Of the operation of hydraulic structures in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article examines the issues of state and legal principles governing the operation of hydraulic structures in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study focuses on current challenges in the water management sector, including dependence on transboundary rivers, the deterioration of existing infrastructure, insufficient digitalization in state water resource management, and the growing impact of climate change. Research has been conducted on urgent problems of state protection of water resources in ensuring environmental safety. Within the framework of the study, particular attention is given to assessing the safety of hydraulic structures, their technical condition, and the compliance of personnel in operating organizations with the requirements and principles established in legislation on the safety of hydraulic structures. Furthermore, ensuring the safety of hydraulic structures implies the development and implementation of measures aimed at preventing accidents at such facilities. By analyzing research in the field of environmental safety, a comparative study of international standards and principles concerning the environmental security of hydraulic structures has been carried out. The authors, while examining international legal acts regulating the operation of hydraulic structures, propose fundamental provisions that should serve as guiding principles for ensuring environmental safety.

1. Vystavkina E.V. (2022) Naznachenie gidrotehnicheskih sooruzhenij // Colloquium-journal. No. 9 (132). P. 37–38. (In Russian).

2. Mukasheva A.A. (2014) Mesto sub#ektivnyh vodnyh prav v sisteme prav grazhdan // Qūqyq zhäne memleket. No. 33 (64). P. 25–28. (In Russian).

3. Erekşe strategialyq mañyzy bar, onyñ ışınde jalğa jäne senımgerlık basqaruğa berıluı mümkın su şaruaşylyğy qūrylystarynyñ tızbesı turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ükımetınıñ 2017 jylğy 29 jeltoqsandağy No. 933 qaulysy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/P1700000933 (ötınış berılgen kün: 20.05.2025) (In Kazakh).

4. Akhmet G.B., Bekezhanov D.N., Seriyev B.A. (2024) International legal regulation of principles in the field of climate protection // Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Vol. 3. No. 78. P. 94–101. (In English).

5. Atshabarov N.B. Voprosy obespechenija bezopasnoj jekspluatacii plotin i drugih gidrotehnicheskih sooruzhenij v Respublike Kazahstan. URL: https://www.cawater-info.net/bk/dam-safety/files/atshabarov.pdf (data obrashhenija: 24.05.2025) (In Russian).

6. Ot pavodkov ne zashhitjat: tret’ gidrotehnicheskih sooruzhenij v RK nahodjatsja v neudovletvoritel’nom sostojanii. URL: https://ranking.kz/reviews/industries/ot-pavodkov-ne-zaschityat-tret-gidrotehnicheskih-sooruzheniy-v-rk-nahodyatsya-v-neudovletvoritelnom-sostoyanii.html (data obrashhenija: 21.06.2025) (In Russian).

7. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ su resurstaryn basqaru jüiesın damytudyñ 2024–2030 jyldarğa arnalğan tūjyrymdamasyn bekıtu turaly. Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ükımetınıñ 2024 jylğy 5 aqpandağy No. 66 qaulysy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/P2400000066 (ötınış berılgen kün: 25.06.2025) (In Kazakh).

8. Konvencija po ohrane i ispol’zovaniju transgranichnyh vodotokov i mezhdunarodnyh ozer. 17 marta 1992 goda. URL: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/watercourses_lakes.shtml (data obrashhenija: 27.06.2025) (In Russian).

9. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Şekaraaralyq su arnalary men halyqaralyq kölderdı qorğau jäne paidalanu turaly konvensiağa qosyluy turaly Zañy 2000 jylğy 23 qazan 94-II. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/Z000000094_/links (ötınış berılgen kün: 28.06.2025) (In Kazakh).

10. Brown C., Lall U. (2006) Water and economic development: The role of variability and a framework for resilience. Natural Resources Forum. Vol. 30. No. 4. P. 306–317. (In English).

11. Pettersson K. (2012) Dam safety: the impact of extreme weather and climate change // International Journal of Water Resources Development. Vol. 28. No 2. P. 209–218. (In English).

12. Bögetterdı deklarasialanatyn bögetterge jatqyzu kriterilerın aiqyndaityn qağidalardy jäne Bögettıñ qauıpsızdıgı deklarasiasyn äzırleu qağidalaryn bekıtu turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Su resurstary jäne irigasia ministrınıñ 2025 jylğy 27 mausymdağy No. 156-NQ būiryğy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/V1500012660/links (ötınış berılgen kün: 08.07.2025) (In Kazakh).

13. Seitbekova G.A., Auelbekova A.Ü., Azımbai K.E. (2024) Su resurstarynyñ ekologialyq jağdaiy // European Research Materials. No. 6. P. 344–345. (In Kazakh).

14. Richards T., Gibson R. (2019) Dam safety management: international practices and future challenges // Journal of Flood Risk Management. No. 12 (S1). Р. e12531. (In English).

15. Zarfl C., Lumsdon A.E., Berlekamp J., Tydecks L., Tockner K. (2015) A global boom in hydropower dam construction // Aquatic Sciences. No. 77. P. 161–170. (In English).

16. Kusmambetov K.D. (2019) Opyt upravlenija vodnymi resursami v Evropejskom sojuze // Nauka i zhizn’ Kazahstana. No. 7/1. P. 560–562. (In Russian).

17. Bekov K.A., Vartanjan A.M. (2023) Pravovye osnovy Vodnogo kodeksa Respubliki Kazahstan // Eurasian Scientific Journal of Law. No. 4(5). P. 7–18. (In Russian)