On the issue of defining the concept of «interference with aircraft control»

The purpose of this study is to conduct a legal analysis and develop a uniform interpretation of the concept of “interference with aircraft control” (Article 352-1 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan), introduced as an independent offence in 2025. The research examines the place of this act within the system of public safety, aviation safety, and flight safety, analyzes its correlation with classical acts of unlawful interference under international and national law, identifies a legislative gap, and formulates a legal definition. The methodological framework is based on comparative, formal-legal, and systematic analysis, allowing for the comparison of criminal and aviation legislation, international conventions (Tokyo, Hague, and Montreal), and scientific literature. The key problem addressed is the absence of a statutory definition of this concept, which creates risks of inconsistent interpretation and enforcement. The analysis shows that this offence is not included in the statutory list of acts of unlawful interference but constitutes an independent category of intentional actions directly affecting the crew’s work during flight. The main result is a proposed legal definition that can be used to qualify offences and distinguish them from related crimes, thereby strengthening air transport safety.

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