Problems of determining the limits of permissible freedom of competition in the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and foreign countries

The concept of rivalry is known to all peoples and is characteristic of almost all spheres of society. Issues of rivalry are especially characteristic of entrepreneurship. However, modern legal doctrine and legislation are familiar with this phenomenon as “freedom of competition”. The conquest of the market is a matter of existence and prosperity for the contending parties. This implies a variety of methods of competition, including, unfortunately, unfair ones. Of course, the legislator cannot remain indifferent to the serious threat of unfair competition. But how to determine the boundary separating what is permitted from what is not; where is the general criterion for recognizing acceptable methods of competition and prohibited? These are the questions that the theoretical thought of lawyers and the practice of antimonopoly and judicial authorities are currently looking for answers to. Indeed, where is the desired limit of permissible freedom of competition? We will look for answers to these questions in the domestic legislation and the legislations of foreign countries in the historical context of the development of antimonopoly legal regulation. And in order to conduct a full-fledged comparative legal analysis, we will apply both general scientific and private scientific methods of scientific cognition everywhere. Taking into account the topic and subject of scientific research, the comparative legal method of research will be applied everywhere. The conclusions obtained can be useful in law enforcement practice, in determining the limits of permissible competition, which is sometimes complicated by a broad interpretation of some norms of the national legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which leads to a violation of antimonopoly legislation, including.

1. Crampton P. Striking the right balance between competition and regulation: the key is learning from our mistakes. URL: https://www.oecd.org/regreform/2503205.pdf. (In Russian).

2. Predprinimatel'skij Kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan ot 29 oktjabrja 2015 goda No. 375-V ZRK. V redakcii Zakona RK ot 06.02.2023 № 194-VII // Vedomosti Parlamenta RK. 2015. No. 20-III. St. 112. (In Russian).

3. Serl' Dzh. Racional'nost' v dejstvii: monografija. M.: Progress-Tradicija, 2004. 336 p. (In Russian).

4. Kommons Dzh. R. (2011) Pravovye osnovanija kapitalizma: monografija. M.: ID VShJe, 414 p. (In Russian).

5. Emel'janov V.I. (2002) Razumnost', dobrosovestnost', nezloupotreblenie grazhdanskimi pravami: monografija. M.: Leks-Kniga, 160 p. (In Russian).

6. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 9 ijunja 1998 goda No. 232 «O nedobrosovestnoj konkurencii». Utratil silu Zakonom Respubliki Kazahstan ot 25 dekabrja 2008 goda No. 112-IV // Vedomosti Parlamenta RK. 1998. No. 9–10. St. 84. (In Russian).

7. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan ot 25 dekabrja 2008 goda No. 112-IV «O konkurencii». Utratil silu Kodeksom Respubliki Kazahstan ot 29 oktjabrja 2015 goda No. 375-V // Vedomosti Parlamenta RK. 2008. No. 24(2528). – St. 125. (In Russian).

8. Novikov M.V. (2016) Konkurentnoe pravo v sisteme grazhdanskogo prava // Pravo, zakonodatel'stvo, lichnost'. – Saratov: FGBOU VO «Saratovskaja gosudarstvennaja juridicheskaja akademija». No. 2(23). P. 48–53. (In Russian).

9. Zakon Respubliki Kazahstan «O tovarnyh znakah, znakah obsluzhivanija i naimenovanijah mest proishozhdenija tovarov» ot 26 ijulja 1999 goda No. 456 // Vedomosti Parlamenta Respubliki Kazahstan. 1999. No. 21. St. 776. (In Russian).

10. Obobshhenie sudebnoj praktiki rassmotrenija del o primenenii zakonodatel'stva o tovarnyh znakah / Nadzornaja sudebnaja kollegija po grazhdanskim i administrativnym delam Verhovnogo Suda Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: http://elitelegal.kz/ru/news/oboshchenie-sudebnoy-praktiki-rassmotreniya-del-o-primeneniizakonodatelstva-o-tovarnyh-znakah. (In Russian).

11. Grazhdanskij kodeks Respubliki Kazahstan (Osobennaja chast') ot 1 ijulja 1999 goda No. 409. V redakcii Zakona RK ot 27.02.2017 № 49-VI // Vedomosti Parlamenta Respubliki Kazahstan. – 1999. – No. 16–17. – St. 642. (In Russian).

12. Gosudarstvennoj kontrol' za dejatel'nost'ju sub#ektov estestvennyh monopolij // Oficial'nyj sajt Komiteta po regulirovaniju estestvennyh monopolij, zashhite konkurencii i prav potrebitelej Ministerstva nacional'noj jekonomiki Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/krem/activities/1083?lang=ru. (In Russian).

13. Otchet o sostojanii konkurencii na otdel'nyh tovarnyh rynkah i prinimaemyh merah po ogranicheniju monopolisticheskoj dejatel'nosti za 2021 god // Oficial'nyj sajt Agentstva po zashhite i razvitiju konkurencii Respubliki Kazahstan. URL: https://www.gov.kz/memleket/entities/zk/documents/details/323063?lang=ru. (In Russian).

14. Parizhskaja Konvencija po ohrane promyshlennoj sobstvennosti (20 marta 1883 goda); (peresmotrena v Brjussele 14 dekabrja 1900 g., v Vashingtone 2 ijunja 1911 g., v Gaage 6 nojabrja 1925 g., v Londone 2 ijunja 1934 g., v Lissabone 31 oktjabrja 1958 g., v Stokgol'me 14 ijulja 1967 g. i izmenena 2 oktjabrja 1979 g.). Na Respubliku Kazahstan dejstvie dannoj Konvencii rasprostranjaetsja s 16 fevralja 1993 g. v sootvetstvii so special'noj deklaraciej Prem'er-ministra Respubliki Kazahstan, napravlennoj v VOIS // IPS «Paragraf». URL: https://online.zakon.kz/Document/?doc_id=1007749. (In Russian).

15. Opredelenie Konstitucionnogo Suda RF ot 01.04.2008 No. 450-O-O // Vestnik Konstitucionnogo Suda RF. No. 6. 2008. (In Russian).

16. Vavilin E.V. (2008) Osushhestvlenie i zashhita grazhdanskih prav i ispolnenie objazannostej: monografija. – Saratov: Izd-vo Sarat. gos. akad. prava, 240 p. (In Russian).

17. Kamyshanskij V.P. (2016) Predely svobody i ogranichenija prav predprinimatelej v uslovijah konkurencii // Vlast' Zakona. No. 3. P. 15–25. (In Russian).