The article examines common legal errors made by contracting authorities during the implementation of public procurement processes, the causes of these errors, the qualification requirements for responsible personnel, the classification of mistakes, as well as aspects of applying state enforcement measures and their legal consequences. In addition, the study analyzes shortcomings in procurement procedures with the aim of developing preventive measures for their elimination. The purpose of the study is to identify typical errors frequently committed by contracting authorities, analyze the factors contributing to their occurrence, and propose scientifically grounded recommendations and preventive measures aimed at reducing these errors. Furthermore, the research aims to identify mechanisms that promote greater accountability among contracting authorities and enhance transparency in public procurement. The scientific significance of the study lies in its comprehensive analysis aimed at systematizing the errors of contracting authorities within the public procurement system and identifying their root causes. The practical significance is defined by the possibility of applying the research findings to improve the legal literacy of contracting authorities, ensure compliance with legislation, and optimize procurement procedures. The study employs methods of comparative legal analysis, systemic and structural approaches, as well as expert review of normative legal acts. The research results reveal typical errors made by contracting authorities and their negative impact on the efficiency of public procurement. To prevent these issues, it is proposed to increase the legal literacy of contracting authorities, enhance the effectiveness of procurement organization, and improve control mechanisms. In addition, the necessity of improving the professional training of officials responsible for public procurement is emphasized in order to reduce the number of legal violations.  The article examines common legal errors made by contracting authorities during the implementation of public procurement processes, the causes of these errors, the qualification requirements for responsible personnel, the classification of mistakes, as well as aspects of applying state enforcement measures and their legal consequences. In addition, the study analyzes shortcomings in procurement procedures with the aim of developing preventive measures for their elimination. The purpose of the study is to identify typical errors frequently committed by contracting authorities, analyze the factors contributing to their occurrence, and propose scientifically grounded recommendations and preventive measures aimed at reducing these errors. Furthermore, the research aims to identify mechanisms that promote greater accountability among contracting authorities and enhance transparency in public procurement. The scientific significance of the study lies in its comprehensive analysis aimed at systematizing the errors of contracting authorities within the public procurement system and identifying their root causes. The practical significance is defined by the possibility of applying the research findings to improve the legal literacy of contracting authorities, ensure compliance with legislation, and optimize procurement procedures. The study employs methods of comparative legal analysis, systemic and structural approaches, as well as expert review of normative legal acts. The research results reveal typical errors made by contracting authorities and their negative impact on the efficiency of public procurement. To prevent these issues, it is proposed to increase the legal literacy of contracting authorities, enhance the effectiveness of procurement organization, and improve control mechanisms. In addition, the necessity of improving the professional training of officials responsible for public procurement is emphasized in order to reduce the number of legal violations. 

The present article for publication discusses the problems of of civil servants for violations of official discipline and ethics. The authors conducted an in-depth analysis of Kazakhstan and foreign legal literature and legislation regarding public service in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article examines, from a comparative legal perspective, the positive experiences of foreign countries concerning the disciplinary liability of public servants working in the civil sector. The aim of the scientific research is to determine the theoretical aspects of specific terms and issues in this field, to identify internal contradictions, inaccuracies, gaps and other shortcomings in the legal regulation of these matters, and based on this, to propose concrete measures for overcoming them. The article was prepared using general and specific methods applied in scientific research. All this has allowed the authors to critically reflect on the stated issues and to develop some proposals for clarifying the formulations of certain terms in the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated November 23, 2015, “On the Civil Service of the Republic of Kazakhstan”, to supplement it with new concepts, as well as to provide other recommendations for improving this Law and subordinate regulatory legal acts in this sphere. 

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal nature and regulation of artificial intelligence in the context of rapid digital development. The paper compares approaches to legal regulation of AI in Kazakhstan, the USA, the European Union and China, identifies their fundamental differences and points of intersection. Special attention is paid to the draft Digital Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Concept of Artificial Intelligence Development for 2024–2029, which reflect an attempt to build a holistic legal model combining ethical norms, technical standards and mechanisms of legal accountability. The article reveals differences in regulatory philosophy reflected in national strategies, regulations, and ethical declarations. The conclusion is drawn about the need for flexible, adaptive and multi-layered legal regulation that can take into account both the technical characteristics of AI systems and the risks associated with their autonomy and impact on fundamental rights. The results of the study indicate the importance of moving from declarative norms to operational mechanisms, including the legal status ofAI, certification of algorithms, ethical audit, transparency of decisions and allocation of responsibility.

The article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the effectiveness of countering organized crime in the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the authors, in order to effectively counter organized crime, timely recognition and establishment of the presence of organized crime is necessary, since it has high latency and is practically invisible to both civil society and the state. The scientific study of such an important aspect of organized crime as its latency will allow us to take a fresh look at the very content of organized crime through the prism of its latency, and will also allow us to develop new methods of its recognition and counteraction, different from ordinary crime. Also, consideration of organized crime through the prism of its latency will make it possible to make changes and additions to the issues of legal regulation of the process of combating organized crime, based on scientific research and their approbation. Timely recognition of organized crime will make it possible to organize an effective fight against it at an earlier stage, which will reduce various risks from law enforcement agencies and possible damage from the actions of criminal groups. The article formulates the main scientific hypotheses of the problem under consideration, as well as specific theoretical conclusions and recommendations for improving the fight against organized crime, taking into account its high latency. The innovations proposed by the authors in the organization of the fight against organized crime in Kazakhstan will contribute to improving the effectiveness of countering organized crime. The purpose of the research is to identify the main factors contributing to the high level of latent organized crime in Kazakhstan, to systematize them, and to propose legal and institutional mechanisms for reducing this latency.

This article examines the current state and development prospects of Kazakhstan’s personal data protection system through a comprehensive comparative legal analysis with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The study identifies key deficiencies in Kazakhstan’s legal and institutional framework, particularly the limited scope of enforcement mechanisms and the inadequacy of administrative penalties in deterring violations. Emphasis is placed on the extraterritorial reach, strict compliance requirements, and high sanctions under the GDPR, which collectively contribute to its global influence. Drawing from case studies, expert policy reports, and regulatory practices, the article underscores the importance of strengthening legal accountability, enhancing state oversight functions, and establishing proactive enforcement capabilities. Special attention is given to the role of digital sovereignty and the integration of internationally recognized standards into Kazakhstan’s legislative environment. The analysis also highlights domestic corporate practices that are beginning to align with GDPR principles, using Air Astana as a pioneering example. The article concludes by offering concrete policy recommendations, including the   introduction of mandatory breach notification procedures and legislative reform to empower supervisory authorities. These measures are essential for creating a more transparent, secure, and rights-based approach to personal data governance in Kazakhstan. 

Kazakhstan’s drive to decarbonise and its chronic freshwater scarcity highlight the need to employ desalinated seawater and treated wastewater in “green” hydrogen production. The study identifies legal gaps and proposes regulatory tools that will facilitate the use of non-traditional water resources in electrolysers and accelerate development of the hydrogen sector. By linking water-management and energy policy it demonstrates how missing rules can stall technological deployment even where the market is ready. The methodology combines a comparative legal review of Kazakh water, environmental and energy statutes, a content analysis of strategic documents and case studies from the EU, Australia and Japan. Findings reveal the absence of licensing, unified quality standards and monitoring duties for secondary water; amendments to the Water Code, differentiated environmental norms and tax incentives are therefore recommended. The proposed legal architecture simultaneously reduces freshwater stress and the carbon footprint. Insights support ministries, investors and municipalities when designing hydrogen hubs, issuing “green certificates” and positioning domestic fuel on global markets.