Administrative and legal mechanisms for preventing violence against minors

The article examines the effectiveness of administrative and legal mechanisms aimed at preventing violence against minors. It analyzes the prevalence of violence against children, its socially dangerous consequences, and the role of administrative law instruments in addressing this issue. Particular attention is paid to the preventive potential of the existing system of administrative liability. The study demonstrates that administrative penalties such as fines, administrative arrest, and warnings have limited effectiveness in preventing violence against minors. It is established that such sanctions are often formal in nature, have a weak impact on the offender’s behavior, and do not prevent repeated offenses. The leniency of administrative measures applied to perpetrators reduces the sense of legal responsibility and contributes to recidivism. The article assesses current administrative legislation and law enforcement practice in terms of compliance with international legal standards on the protection of children’s rights. It concludes that the principle of protecting the best interests of the child is insufficiently implemented in administrative proceedings. Based on the findings, proposals are formulated to improve administrative liability through differentiated sanctions, stricter measures for repeated offenses, and enhanced preventive mechanisms.

1. 2021 jylğa arnalğan «Uäkılettı organdarmen äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyqtar jönındegı ısterdı qarau nätijelerı turaly» No. 1-ÄI esep. URL: https://qamqor.gov.kz/crimestat/statistics (ötınış berılgen kün: 31.12.2025) (In Kazakh)

2. 2022 jylğa arnalğan «Uäkılettı organdarmen äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyqtar jönındegı ısterdı qarau nätijelerı turaly» No. 1-ÄI esep. URL: https://qamqor.gov.kz/crimestat/statistics (ötınış berılgen kün: 31.12.2025) (In Kazakh)

3. 2023 jylğa arnalğan «Uäkılettı organdarmen äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyqtar jönındegı ısterdı qarau nätijelerı turaly» No. 1-ÄI esep. URL: https://qamqor.gov.kz/crimestat/statistics (ötınış berılgen kün: 31.12.2025) (In Kazakh)

4. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyq turaly kodeksıne äielderdıñ qūqyqtary men balalardyñ qauıpsızdıgın qamtamasyz etu mäselelerı boiynşa özgerıster men tolyqtyrular engızu turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ 2024 jylğy 15 säuırdegı No. 73-VIII QRZ Zañy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/Z2400000073 (ötınış berılgen kün: 11.11.2025) (In Kazakh)

5. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyq turaly kodeksıne adam saudasyna, vandalizm körınısıne jäne bötennıñ mülkın büldıruge qarsy ıs-qimyl mäselelerı boiynşa özgerıster men tolyqtyrular engızu turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ 2024 jylğy 5 şıldedegı No. 112-VIII QRZ Zañy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/Z2400000112 (ötınış berılgen kün: 11.11.2025) (In Kazakh)

6. 2024 jylğa arnalğan «Uäkılettı organdarmen äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyqtar jönındegı ısterdı qarau nätijelerı turaly» No. 1-ÄI esep. URL: https://qamqor.gov.kz/crimestat/statistics (ötınış berılgen kün: 31.12.2025) (In Kazakh)

7. 2025 jylğa arnalğan «Uäkılettı organdarmen äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyqtar jönındegı ısterdı qarau nätijelerı turaly» No. 1-ÄI esep. URL: https://qamqor.gov.kz/crimestat/statistics (ötınış berılgen kün: 31.12.2025) (In Kazakh)

8. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ Äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyq turaly kodeksıne özgerıster men tolyqtyrular engızu turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ 2025 jylğy 10 qañtardağy No. 155-VIII QRZ Zañy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/Z2500000155 (ötınış berılgen kün: 30.11.2025) (In Kazakh)

9. Balalardy zorlyq-zombylyqtan qorğau, suisidtıñ aldyn alu jäne olardyñ qūqyqtary men salamattyğyn qamtamasyz etu jönındegı 2023–2025 jyldarğa arnalğan keşendı jospardy bekıtu turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ükımetınıñ 2023 jylğy 31 tamyzdağy No. 748 qaulysy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/P2300000748 (ötınış berılgen kün: 30.11.2025) (In Kazakh)

10. Qoğamdyq qauıpsızdıktı qoğammen ärıptestık jasap qamtamasyz etudıñ 2024–2028 jyldarğa arnalğan tūjyrymdamasyn (qūqyq būzuşylyq profilaktikasy salasynda) bekıtu turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasy Ükımetınıñ 2023 jylğy 29 jeltoqsandağy No. 1233 qaulysy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/P2300001233 (ötınış berılgen kün: 30.11.2025) (In Kazakh)

11. Redkous V.M. (2024) Voprosy profilaktiki nasilija v sem’e i ih otrazhenie v konceptual’nyh dokumentah obespechenija obshhestvennoj bezopasnosti (na primere Respubliki Kazahstan) // Gosudarstvennaja sluzhba i kadry. No. 1. P. 107–110. (In Russian)

12. Qazaqstandağy balalar men jasöspırımderdıñ jağdaiyn taldau: 2024. Bırıkken Ūlttar Ūiymynyñ Balalar qorynyñ (UNICEF) Qazaqstandağy Ökıldıgınıñ esebı. URL: https://www.unicef.org/kazakhstan/media/13631/file/2025%20SitAn_Summary%20report_final_Rus%20(21%20Sept%202025).pdf.pdf (ötınış berılgen kün: 30.11.2025) (In Kazakh)

13. «Qazaqstan Respublikasyndağy otbasylyq-tūrmystyq zorlyq-zombylyqtyñ aldyn alu turaly» ūlttyq baiandama / B.K. Turehanova, M.K. Hasenov, J.J. Arğynbaeva, A.G. Kusmanova, A.B. İmanqūl, A.T. Düsenova, G.E. Uteulina, B.K. Ermekbaeva, Z.S. Äskerbek, A.M. Kartova, A.E. Muhametkalieva. Astana q.: Indesign studio, 2025. 300 p. (In Kazakh).

14. Standen J. (2022) Domestic violence and abuse in primary care // InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice. Vol. 15. No. 9. P. 532–538. DOI: 10.1177/17557380221106236 (In English)

15. Schucan Bird K., Stokes N., Rivas C., Tomlinson M., Delve M., Gordon L., Gregory A., Lawrence K., O’Reilly N. (2024) Training Informal Supporters to Improve Responses to Victim Survivors of Domestic Violence and Abuse: A Systematic Review // Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. Vol. 25(2). P. 1568–1584. (In English)

16. Cuartas J., Salazar A., Backhaus S., Little M.T., McCoy D., Yoshikawa H., Bass M., Metheny N., Knaul F. (2024) Strategies to Prevent Violence Against Children in the Home: A Systematic Review of Reviews // Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. Vol. 25(4). P. 3419–3433. DOI: 10.1177/15248380241247018 (In English)

17. Akimzhanov E.S. (2023) O perspektivah ocenivanija verojatnosti povtornogo sovershenija domashnego nasilija: mezhdunarodnyj opyt administrativno-pravovoj zashhity // Trudy Akademii upravlenija MVD Rossii. No. 1(65). P. 138–144. (In Russian)

18. Bas bostandyğynan aiyru oryndarynan bosatylğan adamdardy äkimşilik qadağalau turaly Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ 1996 jylğy 15 şildedegi No. 28 Zañy. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/Z960000028_ (ötınış berılgen kün: 05.12.2025) (In Kazakh)

19. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ 2014 jylğy 3 şildedegı No. 226-V QRZ Qylmystyq kodeksi. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/K1400000226 (ötınış berılgen kün: 05.12.2025) (In Kazakh)

20. Qazaqstan Respublikasynyñ 2014 jylğy 5 şıldedegı No. 235-V QRZ Äkımşılık qūqyq būzuşylyq turaly Kodeksı. URL: https://adilet.zan.kz/kaz/docs/K1400000235 (ötınış berılgen kün: 30.11.2025) (In Kazakh)